Guides

Start with learning outcomes Write 2–4 outcomes using action verbs (explain, compare, apply, evaluate). Every slide and activity should serve […]

What a research problem is A research problem is a specific gap, contradiction or unresolved issue that your study sets […]

How UK essays are graded Most UK universities use bands: First (70+), 2:1 (60–69), 2:2 (50–59) and Third (40–49). Higher […]

Start from interest and purpose List three areas you genuinely enjoy and one career goal. A topic that serves both […]

What IMRaD means Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion — the structure used by most journals because it lets readers find […]

Reports versus essays A report is organised for a reader who wants findings quickly: numbered sections, headings, tables and clear […]

The standard five-chapter structure Most empirical theses and dissertations follow five chapters: Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results (or Findings), and […]

Start with the question Underline the command word (discuss, evaluate, compare, analyse) and the key concepts. Your thesis statement should […]

What a research proposal must do A proposal convinces a reader — a supervisor, admissions panel or funder — of […]